Problem Materials to Acquire S V C A We had planned to have day before yesterday Remember that the following verbs require an infinitive. Avoid using an –ing form. Agree, decide, expect, fail, hope, intend, learn, plan, promise, refuse, tend, want S V C A He enjoys traveling by plane Remember that the following verbs require an-ing form. Admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practice, quit, regret, risk, stop S V C A She forgot about canceling her appointment Remember that the following verb phrases require an-ing form. Approve of, be better off, can't help, count on, not mind, forget about, get through, insist on, keep on, look forward to, object to, think about, think of HAVE participle The concert had begun before we could find our seats S NEED -ing form This paragraph needs revising Or This paragraph needs to be revised S KNOW Noun She knows the answer Avoid using an to-infinitive after know S KNOW how to-infinitive She knows how to answer the question S used to verb She used to live in the village S BE used to ing-form She was used to living in the village S must have participle past time My friend must have called last night S must be -ing present time My friend must be calling now S must verb repeated time My friend must call often S had better verb You had better (not) take Accounting III this semester Would you like To-infinitive Would you like to watch the news to day? Do you like to infinitive Do you like to watch the news every day? S would rather Verb I would rather (not) drive S would rather that S V (past) I would rather that you drove Avoid using present time. S had hoped that S would verb We had hoped that she would change her mind S will V if S V (present) We will write her if we find her address S would V if S V (past) We would write her if we found her address S would have participle if S had VIII We would have written her if we had found her address S WISH (present) that S had could have would have participle I wish that you called yesterday This pattern refers to desires in the past S WISH (present) that S V (past) could would VII VI VI I wish that you could would called call call everyday tomorrow tomorrow This pattern refers to desires for customs and future events. If S were If the party were on Friday, we could go S WISH (present) that S were I wish that the party were on Friday S V that S Verb Mr. Anto prefers that she speak with him personally These verbs follow the above formula: ask, demand, desire, insist, prefer, recommend, require, suggest Noun That S Verb The recommendation That we be evaluated was approved These nouns follow the above formula: recommendation, requirement, suggestion It is adjective to-infinitive It is adjective that S Verb It is important that the data be verified These adjectives use this pattern: essential, imperative, important, necessary S HAVE someone verb Mr. Anto Had the students give oral reports S GET someone to-infinitive Mr. Anto Got the students to give oral reports S HAVE/GET something VIII He had/got his car fixed S BE BE not S The mail Is late, isn't it? S BE not BE S The mail is not late again, is it? S V (present) DO NOT S They Agree with us, don't they? S V (past) DID NOT S They Agreed with us didn't they? S Will verb won't S You will help won't they? S ought to verb shouldn't S I ought to complain shouldn't I? Let's Verb Shall we Let's Talk about it shall we? S's -ing form isn't S She's Doing her best isn't she? S's participle her best hasn't S She's Done her best hasn't she? S BE and so BE S They Were surprised and so were we S V and so DO S My wife Talked to him and so did I S Modal Have Do Be not VI VIII VI -ing and neither Modal Have Do Be S She won't hasn't doesn't isn't go gone go going and neither will have do am I I I I S Modal Have Do Be not VI VIII VI -ing and S Modal Have Do Be either She won't hasn't doesn't isn't go gone go going and I I I I won't haven't don't am not either Please don't Verb Please don't tell anyone Would you please not Verb Would you please not tell anyone AUXILIARY Main Verb Modal Perfect (telah) Continuous (sedang) Passive (di/ter …..) 5 4 3 2 1 Can May Must Will Shall Ought to Etc…. Forms of Have Forms of be Forms of be 1 2~1 : S + Is/am/are/was/were… + VIII 2 3~2~1 : S + Is/am/are/was/were + being + VIII 3 4~2~1 : S + Has/have/had + been + VIII 4 5~2~1 : S + One modal + be + VIII 5 5~4~2~1 : S + One modal + have + been + V-III It BE Pronoun (Subject) It is he whom the committee has named S V Pronoun (Object) They ask us, Jane and me whether we were satisfied Let Pronoun (object) V Let us (you and me) try to reach an agreement Prepositions Pronouns(object) I'll be glad to take a message for her Instances of prepositions: among, between, for, from, of, to, with, etc S who V Everyone WHO took the tour was impressed by the scenery whom S I know much about the man WHOM you are speaking with Something which This is the typewriter WHICH you ordered S V Pronouns (reflexive) Some language learners can correct themselves Instances of reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourself, themselves S V Pronouns (reciprocal) My sister and I visit each other about once a week Each other is for two persons and one another is for more than two persons few many Noun (count) There are few many reference books TV programs may be checked out for children little much Noun (non-count) We have done little much traveling information Only a few Noun (count) Only a few dollars have been transferred Only A little Non (non-count) We have only a little Homework A large (small) number of noun (count) A large number of students are from suburb A large (small) amount of Noun (non-count) A small amount of rain is expected tomorrow One kind/s One type/s of noun (singular / plural count) non-count Cable TV has many different Dr. Parker gives several kinds types of shows homework One kind type of show is news homework is a lab report the Ordinal number Noun I am outlining the sixth chapter in my notebook noun Cardinal number I am outlining chapter six in my notebook S (-ing) V Reading quickly requires practice S (infinitive) V To read Javanese is more difficult When two noun occur together, the first noun is as an adjective, not in plural form and not in possessive form noun noun All of us are foreign language teachers Avoid using a plural form. a adj - adj noun English Three is a ninety - minute class A adj - adj - adj noun A sixty - year - old employee may retire Avoid using not or none No Noun No tests are scheduled on the first day of orientation. Avoid using as or too and that. S V so adjective adverb that S V She The music got up was so so late loud that that she we missed couldn't talk her bus S V such adjective noun that S V It was such a lovely day that we went out S V so adjective that S V The day was so lovely that we went out S V so adjective a noun That S V It was so lovely a day That we went out too adj Infinitive This tea is too hot to drink -ed adjective (by someone or something) The audience is thrilled by the concert -ing adjective (someone or something) The concert is thrilling the audience Avoid using as between enough and infinitive S V adjective enough To inf It is warm enough to go swimming Use adjectives after these following verbs: feel, look, smell, sound, taste, etc S V adjective I felt bad about the mistake S V Fast This medication relieves headache fast S V late My roommate returned home late last night One Noun (singular) another Noun (singular) the other Noun (singular) One movie starts at 5 movie at 7 and movie at 8 Some Noun plural other Noun plural the other Noun plural Some houses are for rent houses are for sale and houses are empty Some houses are for rent others are for sale and the others Are empty noun adjective as well as Noun adjective He plays He is basket nice football handsome both noun adjective and noun adjective Dr. Jones Miss Smith spoke The lecture was interesting instructive not only noun adjective but also noun adjective One should take Checks are cash safer checks better. noun adjective instead of noun adjective Remember: Besides means in addition to Beside means near Noun V the same Noun (quality) as noun She is age John Examples of noun quality : Age, color, height, length, price, size, style, weight Noun V as Adjective (quality) as noun She is old as John different from This one is the rest differ from This one differs from the rest multiple as much many as Fresh fruit costs We have twice half much many as canned fruits we need Noun (singular) more + adjective adjective -er than that The climate in the north is colder of the south Noun (plural) more + adjective adjective -er than those The prices are more expensive at a discount store Noun (plural and singular) different from those
the same as
similar toI believe thatthis coatisthat oneNoun andNoun VMiddle Comparisonlike
the same as
similar toI believe thatthis coatandthat oneare
Thursday, March 31, 2011
Test Of English as a Foreign Language Structure and Written Expression
VI
V Ing
VIII
